Valve for internal-combustion engines.



J. n. ROOTS.

VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION F ILED MAY 5. l9l3.

Patent-ed J1me 13, 1916.

' UNITED STATES;

PATENT orrros.

JAMES DENNIS ROOTS, OF WEST KENSINGTON, LONDON, ENGLAND.

VALVE FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 13, 1916.

Application filed May 5, 1913. Serial No. 765,537.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, JAMES DENNIS Rooms,

4 a subject of the King of Great Britain, and

a resident of 58 Avonmoreroad, WestKen sington, London, W., England, have in-- vented an Improved Valve for Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is the specification.

This invention relates. to an improved valve for internal combustion engines.

' The object of the invention is to provide a simple construction of compound or double valve' which shall be more silent inoperation than other valves of the puppet or mushroom type, and which shall be capable of controlling both inlet and exhaust or two passageways.

It has been shown by experiment that in a four stroke cycle engine about ninety per cent. of the noise produced is caused by the blow on the spindle end of the mushroom or puppet exhaust valve necessary to open it at the end of the working stroke against a pressure in the cylinder of about lbs. per square inch on the top of the valve.

In this invention a balanced valve is employed of such construction that the resistance to lifting at the end of the working stroke is so'much reduced as to beprac'ticallynegligible. This construction of balanced valve is particularly applicable to four stroke cycle engines though it may be employed in two stroke cycle engines.

The valve is preferably formed as a hollow shell or casting adapted to slide as to its lower end in a cylindrical casing which may be formed integrally with. the working cylinder, and with the lower of the two wallswhich inclose the usual lateral channel to, and forming part of the combustion chamber. The upper end of the hollow valve may be provided with a ground surface to find a seating'on the upper wall.

' valve to fit a similar coned seating to that on This may conveniently be for the exhaust or outlet. I may provide a detachableclosing diskfor the lower end of the valve having a central guide or hole throughwhich the rod operating the valve slides.

The piston end of the valve may conveniently have one or two packing rings fitting grooves in the cylindrical casing. The piston end of the valve has ports which 'are adapted to be so lifted as to open into the combustion chamber. The lower wall may also be provided with a seating for'the the upper portion of the valve. This seating if employed may be formed With the .cone of the seating in the opposite direction to the, usual form. The object of this is to provide that the expansion of the valve be tween the two seatings whenheated may be compensated for by the lateral expansion,

the valve piston closes the outlet, and the portsin the piston then open communica-- tion with the inlet pipe. At the end of the suctionstroke the cam quickly closes both inlet and outlet, and the upper and lower ground annular valve surfaces then fit on their seatings, if the lower seating be used. Then the lower seating is not employed, the piston rings surrounding the piston' valve serve to keep the inlet end tight.

A lever and roller are preferably fitted between the cam and the'valve push rod.

The balanced hollow valve with two seat ings is preferably formed in two parts, and

may be fitted with interior tube: bolts or holders between the two seatings, so that the expansion of one tubular connection may be compensated for by the expansion of the other.

The balanced valve when formed in.

two portions, has the lower part preferably formed with a spider having a central hole resting on a shoulder on the valve stem, and

the end of the valve stem screws into or is held in a boss in the upper surface of the other part and so secures the two parts together. An annulus of steel or other metal may be secured between the two said parts and the under surface of the said annulus may fit the lower seating to close, the inlet passage. And in order that my invention may be completely understood, reference should be made to the accompanying sheet of drawings, which illustrate twoexamples of my invention. v

Figure 1 is a central vertical section of a oo tion or the double valve fits-within the ex part of four stroke' engine showing the i 1 new balanced valve for'exhaust and inlet fitted, and the arrangementof valve gear for operating the valve. Fig. 2 is a section of a modified form of such valve to a larger scale. v

' Referring to Fig. 1, A is the cyhnder, B

I the piston, C isthe exhaust outlet or pipe connection. -D is the upper part or exhaust end of the improved valve, D its seating.

D is a recess within the engine jacket wall in which the valveis lifted to allow of its full. stroke. E is the lower or inlet portion of the valve having the seating at E Theseating' at E is a similar seating to that at D, but a little larger in diameter, or the valve area exposed to pressure is greater.

The two parts are preferably formed or cast,

- separately. The lower or inlet end E having the'p'orts O, O, fits as a piston within the cylindrical casing F, which has the seating E at its upper edge, is screwed or fitted in I the casting of the valve box, the latter being formed integrally with the cylinder.

The casing F is provided as shown with the packing ring F pressing inwardly upon the iston end E, but the packing ring may be.

ispensed with. At the lower end of the valve piston E, is a transverse bar E cast with it. The valve stemor spindle G is rformecl with the headG and a nutor nuts are fitted below the said barito rigidly secure the two portions of the combined valve'together. The closing capand guide H for the valve stem G, is a close fit and is held in position by the spring. The cam J is of a known type of the desired contour tolift the valve from both of the seatings D and E} and hold it open during the exhaust stroke of the engine to. the exhaust outlet, and at the beginning of the inlet stroke to lift the valve higher closing the exhaust and hold it at itsliighest position, causing the ports 0, O,

to register with the combustion chamber, during the inlet stroke. j At the end of the inlet stroke to quickly ,close the valve down upon its double seating the cam contour has a rapid drop or-fall. valve is eflected by the spri-ng at the drop. Z of the cam, the part Y being the commencement of the exhaust lift. The, motion df'the cam is transmitted by theleverL fulcrui'ned in the crank chamber through the roller" L.

The slide or push rodL forms the tappet for the valve; A rubber or like washer may be fitted between. the valve stem and. the push rod. The dotted lines above the valve indicate the position of the valve at its maximum lift. It will be observed that in this position, the shoulder D? in. the upper porhaust outletxand closes it whilev the inlet ports are uncovered. In this position the mixture or new charge passes in below the valve and through the ports to the cylinder.

The closing of the- Referring toFig. 2, the upper part D of this modified form is similar to that 1n Fig.

1, except that the stem is screwed into a boss below the seating D and within the valve. In lieu of the ground surface E on the lower portion of the valve If], a steel or .other metal disk ring K is rigidly secured between the two portions D and E of the valve and the disk K makes contact with the ground seating E, and the compression and explosion pressures further press the disk 'upon the seating. In thisform also the easing is not shown and the rings are fitted in grooves in the main casting. The operation of this form is similar to thatbefore described, when applied to a four stroke cycle engine.

This compound balanced valve for inlet and exhaust, may be operated by an ordinary ccccntric mounted on the half speed shaft, Fig. 1, instead of a cam, nearly half the motion of the eccentric being lost or taking place when out of contact with the valve stem, but the cam is preferred.

A much. larger valve and port area can be obtained for both inlet and exhaust with-' othersufficient packing, .the seating on the lower or inlet end might be dispensed with. The inlet also might be arranged at the top of the valve and the outlet below if desired.

In each case the effective pressure areaof the onevportion of the valve is a little larger than the other, and the valve is held closed under the pressure of the combustion, by the larger area.

Itwill be observed that this combinedor double balanced valve is distinguished by the fact that it is employed in combination with, and in order to open or close two apertures or passageways one for inlet and one for exhaust, in communication with the combustion chamber.

What I do claim as my invention and de sire to secure by Letters Patent is l. A valve for internal combustion engines operable to open two apertures or ports leading to the combustion chamber, one for exhaust and one for the gas orair inlet'and [valve seatings surrounding each of said ap erturesor. ports by which the valve closes both of said apertures or-ports.

2. A valve for internal combustion engines operable to open two apertures or ports leading to the combustion chamber. one for exhaust and the other for the gas or air inlet, valve seatings-surrounding each of said apertures or ports by which the'valve closes both of said apertures or ports, a valve I piston carried by the valve and controlling one of said apertures or'ports to the combustion chamber.

3. A valve for internal combustion engines operable to open two apertures or ports to the combustion chamber, one for exhaust and the other for the gas or air inlet, valve seatings surrounding each of said apertures or ports, by which the valve closes both of said apertures or ports, a valve pis ton carried by said valve for controlling one of-said apertures or ports to the combustion chamber, means for moving the valve a predetermined distance to establish communication between the engine cylinder andthe exhaust conduit, said means continuing the movement of the valve to establish communication between the engine cylinder and the gas or air conduit through ports arranged in the valve piston. 4. A valve for internal combustion engines having an exhaust aperture or port, a

"fuel or air aperture or port, a valve piston movable between said apertures or ports and disposed to bring the said ports or apertures into communication with the engine cylinder at different times during the stroke of said valve in one direction.

5. A valve for internal combustion engines having an exhaust conduit, a fuel or air conduit, the passage to'the engine cylin der being disposed between said conduits, and a valve movable between the conduits for successively bringing the conduits into register with the passage to the cylinder during the movementof the valve in one direction.

:6. A valve for internal combustion engines in which the engine cylinder is provided with an extension or passage, a casing surrounding said extension, an exhaust conduit communicating with the passage at one side of the casing, a fuel or air conduit communicating with the passage at the other side of the casing, a valvecarryinga piston supported for movement within the casing, the piston being'provided with perts,

means for moving the valve apredetermined distance to establish communication between the engine cylinder and the exhaust conduit, sa1d valve actuating means continuing the movement of the valve to close communication between the engine cylinder and exhaust conduit, and establish communication be tween the englne cylinder and the fuel or air conduit.

7. A valve for internal combustion enrection establishing communication between the exhaust outlet and the. cylinder, the continued movement of said vala'e'cutting off the communication between the exhaust outlet and the cylinder and establishingcommunication between the fuel or air inlet and the cylinder.

8'. A valve for internal combustion engines injwhich'the engine .cylinderis provided with an extension or passage, acasing inclosing said passage, a valve seat formed on both apertures of the casing, a valve mounted to reciprocate concentrically within the apertures, the valve being provided with spaced annular members which engage the valve seats when the valve is in closed position, .said members when the .valve is partially raised being spaced from both valve seats, one of said annular members closing one aperture when the valve is completely raised to cut off communication between the exhaust conduit and the cylinder and establish communication between the fuel or air conduit and the cylinder through the other aperture.

9. A valve for internal combustion en- 10. A valve for internal combustion engines in which the cylinder is provided with gines in which the engine cylinder is provided with an extension or passage, two

apertures on opposite sides of the wall of such passage, two valve seats formed surrounding apertures in the said wall, a valve adapted to fit both seatings, an exhaust conduit communicating with one aperture, a fuel 'or air conduit communicating with the other aperture,the valve atone end adapted to close one aperture, a piston forming part of the valve seat adapted to close the other aperture, the said piston being provided with ports whereby communication may be established between the other or inlet aperture and the cylinder.

11. -A valve for internal combustion engines in which the engine cylinder is provided with an extension or passage, a casing surrounding sa1d extension, an exhaust conduit communicating with the passage at one side of the casing, a fuel or air conduit communicating with the passage at the otherside of the casing, a. valve carrying a piston supported for movement within the casing,

' and valve seatings surrounding each of said 10' formed in the piston. r I I r -12. Avalve for internal combustion-engi'nes operable to open two apertures or ports piston being provided withports, oper-' ,ziting; means for'moving the'valve a predetermind 'distance' to establish communication between the engine cylinder and the j-exhaust condu'it,said operating means con-- tinuing'the movement of the valve-to close communication between the engine cylinder and the exhaust conduit'and esta'blislrcommunic'atio'n betweenthe engine cylinder and i the fuelor air-conduit throughthe'ports leading to the combustion chamber, one for the exhaust and one forthe gas or air inlet,

A apertures or ports by which thevalve closes ,bothof said apertures or ports, and means whereby the, valve is approximately balanced immediately it is lifted from its-seating or seatings;

13. A valve-for internal combustioncngines in which the engine cylinder is pro- "vided with an .extensioncr'pas'sage, two ap- ,26 passage, a valve seatsurrounding an aper -,,j

ertures on' opposite sides of the wall of said ture in the said wall, a valve adapted to said seat, an exhaust'conduit communicating ture, the piston forming part of the valv adapted to close the other aperture, the said piston being constructed whereby coin-. munication is established between the inle with one aperture, a fuel and air conduit:- communicating with the other aperture, the

valve at one end adapted to close one'ape aperture and the cylinder.

174. A valve forinternal combustion engines in which the cylinder is provided with an extension or passage, an exhaust conduit communicating with the passage at one side of the casmg, a fuel or a1r conduit communieating with the passage at the opposite portion of. the casing, two valve seats arranged.-

within the casing in spaced relation, a valve mounted to reciprocate between the conduits and on bothsides thereof, said valve being formed with spaced annular flanges, one'of copies of this patent may "be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the welhlngtu, 10.0."

the flanges adapted to remain within the easingat all times and disposed to rest upon 7 one of the valve seats, and the other of said flanges adapted to engage the second valve seat.

15.. A valve for internal combustion engines in which the engine-cylmder 1s provided with an extension or passage, a casing surrounding said extension, an exhaust conduit communicatingwith'the passage at one side of the casing, a fuel or air conduit communicating with -the passage at the other side of the-casing, a valve operated by valve stemcarfrying a piston arranged for 16. A valvefor internal combustion engines in which the cylinder is provided with fillj flktgnsioil or passage, an exhaust conduit 'mmun'icatin'g with th'epassage atone side he casing, a fuel or air conduit commujnicating with the passage at the opposite portion of they casing, two valve seats arranged within the casing in spaced relation,

the valve mountedto reciprocate between the conduit 11 both sides thereof, said valve being formed-with spaced annular flanges, one

of. the flanges adapted to remain within the casing at all times and disposed to rest upon one of the seats,the other of said flanges adapted to engage the second valve seat, and

cam meansfor intermittently engaging the valve stem attached to the valve for operating the said valve.

- JAMES DENNIS ROOTS Witnesses:

H. D. JAMESON,

' Q. J. WORTH.

Commissioner ot intents. 

